Linux Kernel Teaching

This is a collection of lectures and labs Linux kernel topics. The lectures focus on theoretical and Linux kernel exploration.

The labs focus on device drivers topics and they resemble "howto" style documentation. Each topic has two parts:

• a walk-through the topic which contains an overview, the main abstractions, simple examples and pointers to APIs
• a hands-on part which contains a few exercises that should be resolved by the student; to focus on the topic at hand, the student is presented with a starting coding skeleton and with in-depth tips on how to solve the exercises

This content is based on the Operatings Systems 2 course from the Computer Science and Engineering Department, the Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest.

You can get the latest version at http://github.com/linux-kernel-labs.

To get started build the documentation from the sources after installing docker-compose on you host:

cd tools/labs && make docker-docs

then point your browser at Documentation/output/labs/index.html.

Alternatively, you can build directly on the host (see tools/labs/docs/Dockerfile for dependencies):

cd tools/labs && make docs

• Operating Systems 2
  • SO2 Lecture 01 - Course overview and Linux kernel introduction
    • Echipa
    • Poziționare curs
    • Resurse
    • Comunitate
    • Notare
    • Obiectivele cursului
    • Obiectivele laboratorului si a temelor
    • Cursuri necesare
    • Despre curs
    • Lista cursuri
    • Despre laborator
    • Despre teme
    • Lista teme
    • Bibliografie curs
    • Bibliografie laborator
    • Lecture objectives:
    • Basic operating systems terms and concepts
      • User vs Kernel
      • Typical operating system architecture
      • Monolithic kernel
      • Micro kernel
      • Micro-kernels vs monolithic kernels
      • Address space
      • User and kernel sharing the virtual address space
      • Execution contexts
      • Multi-tasking
      • Preemptive kernel
      • Pageable kernel memory
      • Kernel stack
      • Portability
      • Asymmetric MultiProcessing (ASMP)
      • Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP)
      • CPU Scalability
    • Overview of the Linux kernel
      • Linux development model
      • Maintainer hierarchy
      • Linux source code layout
      • Linux kernel architecture
        • arch
        • Device drivers
        • Process management
        • Memory management
        • Block I/O management
        • Virtual Filesystem Switch
        • Networking stack
        • Linux Security Modules
  • SO2 Lecture 02 - System calls
    • Lecture objectives:
    • Linux system calls implementation
      • System call table
      • System call parameters handling
    • Virtual Dynamic Shared Object (VDSO)
    • Accessing user space from system calls
  • SO2 Lecture 03 - Processes
    • Lecture objectives
    • Processes and threads
      • Overview of process resources
      • struct task_struct
      • Inspecting task_struct
      • Quiz: Inspect a task to determine opened files
      • Threads
      • The clone system call
      • Namespaces and "containers"
      • Accessing the current process
      • Quiz: previous implementation for current (x86)
    • Context switching
      • Quiz: context switch
    • Blocking and waking up tasks
      • Task states
      • Blocking the current thread
      • Waking up a task
    • Preempting tasks
      • Non preemptive kernel
      • Preemptive kernel
    • Process context
      • Kernel threads
    • Using gdb scripts for kernel inspection
      • Quiz: Kernel gdb scripts
  • SO2 Lecture 04 - Interrupts
    • Lecture objectives
    • What is an interrupt?
      • Exceptions
      • Quiz: interrupt terminology
    • Hardware Concepts
      • Programmable Interrupt Controller
      • Interrupt controllers in SMP systems
      • Interrupt Control
      • Interrupt priorities
      • Quiz: hardware concepts
    • Interrupt handling on the x86 architecture
      • Interrupt Descriptor Table
      • Interrupt handler address
      • Stack of interrupt handler
      • Handling an interrupt request
      • Returning from an interrupt handler
      • Inspecting the x86 interrupt handling
      • Quiz: x86 interrupt handling
    • Interrupt handling in Linux
      • Nested interrupts and exceptions
      • Interrupt context
      • Deferrable actions
      • Soft IRQs
      • Packet flood example
      • Tasklets
      • Workqueues
      • Timers
      • Deferrable actions summary
      • Quiz: Linux interrupt handling
  • SO2 Lecture 05 - Symmetric Multi-Processing
    • Lecture objectives:
    • Synchronization basics
    • Linux kernel concurrency sources
    • Atomic operations
    • Disabling preemption (interrupts)
    • Spin Locks
    • Cache coherency in multi-processor systems
    • Optimized spin locks
    • Process and Interrupt Context Synchronization
    • Mutexes
    • Per CPU data
    • Memory Ordering and Barriers
    • Read Copy Update (RCU)
  • SO2 Lecture 06 - Address Space
    • Lecture objectives:
    • x86 MMU
      • Selectors
      • Segment descriptor
      • Segmentation in Linux
      • Inspecting selectors and segments
      • x86 Paging
      • Page tables
      • Linux paging
      • Translation Look-aside Buffer
    • Linux address space
      • Address space options for 32bit systems
      • Linear mappings
      • Highmem
      • Fixed-mapped linear addresses
      • Temporary mappings
      • Permanent mappings
  • SO2 Lecture 07 - Memory Management
    • Lecture objectives:
    • Physical Memory Management
      • Memory zones
      • Non-Uniform Memory Access
      • Page allocation
      • Small allocations
    • Virtual memory management
    • Fault page handling
  • SO2 Lecture 08 - Filesystem Management
    • Lecture objectives:
    • Filesystem Abstractions
    • Filesystem Operations
      • Mounting a filesystem
      • Opening a file
      • Querying file attributes
      • Reading data from a file
      • Writing data to a file
      • Closing a file
      • Directories
      • Creating a file
      • Deleting a file
    • Linux Virtual File System
      • Superblock Operations
      • Inode Operations
      • The Inode Cache
      • The Dentry Cache
      • The Page Cache
  • SO2 Lecture 09 - Kernel debugging
    • Lecture objectives:
    • Decoding an oops/panic
      • Decoding an oops
      • addr2line
      • objdump
      • gdb
      • Kernel panic
    • List debugging
    • Memory debugging
      • Slab debugging
      • DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
      • KASan
        • KASan vs DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
        • KASan vs SLUB_DEBUG
      • Kmemleak
    • Lockdep checker
    • perf
    • Other tools
  • SO2 Lecture 10 - Networking
  • SO2 Lecture 11 - Virtualization
  • SO2 Lecture 12 - Profiling
  • SO2 Lab 01 - Introduction
    • Lab objectives
    • About this laboratory
    • References
    • Documentation
    • Kernel Modules Overview
    • An example of a kernel module
    • Compiling kernel modules
    • Loading/unloading a kernel module
    • Kernel Module Debugging
      • objdump
      • addr2line
      • minicom
      • netconsole
      • Printk debugging
      • Dynamic debugging
        • Dyndbg Options
      • KDB: Kernel debugger
    • Exercises
      • Remarks
      • Booting the virtual machine
      • 1. Kernel module
      • 2. Printk
      • 3. Error
      • 4. Sub-modules
      • 5. Kernel oops
      • 6. Module parameters
      • 7. Proc info
    • Good to know
    • Source code navigation
      • cscope
      • clangd
      • Kscope
      • LXR Cross-Reference
      • SourceWeb
    • Kernel Debugging
      • gdb (Linux)
      • Getting a stack trace
  • SO2 Lab 02 - Kernel API
    • Lab objectives
    • Overview
    • Accessing memory
    • Contexts of execution
    • Locking
    • Preemptivity
    • Linux Kernel API
      • Convention indicating errors
      • Strings of characters
      • printk
      • Memory allocation
      • lists
      • Spinlock
      • mutex
      • Atomic variables
        • Use of atomic variables
      • Atomic bitwise operations
    • Exercises
      • 0. Intro
      • 1. Memory allocation in Linux kernel
      • 2. Sleeping in atomic context
      • 3. Working with kernel memory
      • 4. Working with kernel lists
      • 5. Working with kernel lists for process handling
      • 6. Synchronizing list work
      • 7. Test module calling in our list module
  • SO2 Lab 03 - Character device drivers
    • Laboratory objectives
    • Overview
    • Majors and minors
    • Data structures for a character device
      • struct file_operations
      • inode and file structures
    • Implementation of operations
    • Registration and unregistration of character devices
    • Access to the address space of the process
    • Open and release
    • Read and write
    • ioctl
    • Waiting queues
    • Exercises
      • 0. Intro
      • 1. Register/unregister
      • 2. Register an already registered major
      • 3. Open and close
      • 4. Access restriction
      • 5. Read operation
      • 6. Write operation
      • 7. ioctl operation
    • Extra Exercises
      • Ioctl with messaging
      • Ioctl with waiting queues
      • O_NONBLOCK implementation
  • SO2 Lab 04 - I/O access and Interrupts
    • Lab objectives
    • Background information
    • Accessing the hardware
      • Request access to I/O ports
      • Accessing I/O ports
      • 5. Accessing I/O ports from userspace
    • Interrupt handling
      • Requesting an interrupt
      • Implementing an interrupt handler
      • Locking
      • Interrupt statistics
    • Further reading
      • Serial Port
      • Parallel port
      • Keyboard controller
      • Linux device drivers
    • Exercises
      • 0. Intro
      • Keyboard driver
      • 1. Request the I/O ports
      • 2. Interrupt handling routine
      • 3. Store ASCII keys to buffer
        • Reading the data register
        • Interpreting the scancode
        • Store characters to the buffer
      • 4. Reading the buffer
      • 5. Reset the buffer
    • Extra Exercises
      • 1. kfifo
  • SO2 Lab 05 - Deferred work
    • Lab objectives
    • Background information
    • Softirqs
      • Tasklets
      • Timers
      • Locking
    • Workqueues
    • Kernel threads
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
      • 0. Intro
      • 1.Timer
      • 2. Periodic timer
      • 3. Timer control using ioctl
      • 4. Blocking operations
      • 5. Workqueues
      • 6. Kernel thread
      • 7. Buffer shared between timer and process
  • SO2 Lab 06 - Memory Mapping
    • Lab objectives
    • Overview
    • Structures used for memory mapping
      • struct page
      • struct vm_area_struct
      • struct mm_struct
    • Device driver memory mapping
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
      • 1. Mapping contiguous physical memory to userspace
      • 2. Mapping non-contiguous physical memory to userspace
      • 3. Read / write operations in mapped memory
      • 4. Display memory mapped in procfs
  • SO2 Lab 07 - Block Device Drivers
    • Lab objectives
    • Overview
    • Register a block I/O device
    • Register a disk
    • struct gendisk structure
    • struct block_device_operations structure
    • Request Queues - Multi-Queue Block Layer
      • Software staging queues
      • Hardware dispatch queues
      • Tag sets
      • Create and delete a request queue
      • Useful functions for processing request queues
    • Requests for block devices
      • Create a request
      • Process a request
    • struct bio structure
      • Create a struct bio structure
      • Submit a struct bio structure
      • Wait for the completion of a struct bio structure
      • Initialize a struct bio structure
      • How to use the content of a struct bio structure
      • Free a struct bio structure
      • Set up a request queue at struct bio level
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
      • 0. Intro
      • 1. Block device
      • 2. Disk registration
      • 3. RAM disk
      • 4. Read data from the disk
      • 5. Write data to the disk
      • 6. Processing requests from the request queue at struct bio level
  • SO2 Lab 08 - File system drivers (Part 1)
    • Lab objectives
    • Virtual Filesystem (VFS)
    • The general file system model
      • superblock
        • Localization:
      • inode
        • Localization:
      • file
        • Localization:
      • dentry
    • Register and unregister filesystems
      • Functions mount, kill_sb
    • Superblock in VFS
      • The struct super_block structure
      • Superblock operations
    • The fill_super() function
    • Buffer cache
    • Functions and useful macros
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
      • myfs
        • 1. Register and unregister the myfs file system
        • 2. Completing myfs superblock
        • 3. Initialize myfs root inode
        • 4. Test myfs mount and unmount
      • minfs
        • 1. Registering and unregistering the minfs file system
        • 2. Completing minfs superblock
        • 3. Creating and destroying minfs inodes
        • 4. Initialize minfs root inode
        • 5. Testing of minfs mount and unmount
  • SO2 Lab 09 - File system drivers (Part 2)
    • Lab objectives
    • Inode
      • The inode structure
      • Inode operations
        • Getting an inode
        • Superoperations
        • inode_operations
    • The file structure
    • Regular files inodes
      • Regular files inode operations
      • Address space operations
    • Dentry structure
      • Dentry operations
    • Directory inodes operations
      • Creating an inode
      • Creating a directory
      • Creating a link
      • Creating a symbolic link
      • Deleting a link
      • Deleting a directory
      • Searching for an inode in a directory
      • Iterating through entries in a directory
    • Bitmap operations
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
      • myfs
        • 1. Directory operations
          • Testing
        • 2. File operations
          • Testing
      • minfs
        • 1. Iterate operation
          • Testing
        • 2. Lookup operation
          • Testing
        • 3. Create operation
          • Testing
  • SO2 Lab 10 - Networking
    • Lab objectives
    • Overview
      • Networking in user space
    • Linux networking
      • The struct socket structure
        • Operations on the socket structure
          • Creation
          • Closing
          • Sending/receiving messages
        • The struct socket fields
          • The struct proto_ops structure
      • The struct sock structure
      • The struct sk_buff structure
    • Conversions
    • netfilter
    • netcat
    • Further reading
    • Exercises
      • 1. Displaying packets in kernel space
      • 2. Filtering by destination address
      • 3. Listening on a TCP socket
      • 4. Accepting connections in kernel space
      • 5. UDP socket sender
  • SO2 Lab 11 - Kernel Development on ARM
  • SO2 Lab 12 - Kernel Profiling
  • Assignment 0 - Kernel API
    • Assignment's Objectives
    • Statement
    • Testing
      • Tips
      • Penalties
      • Submitting the assigment
    • Resources
    • Questions
  • Assignment 1 - Kprobe based tracer
    • Assignment's Objectives
    • Statement
      • Implementation details
    • Testing
      • Tips
      • Penalties
      • Submitting the assigment
    • Resources
    • Questions
  • Assignment 2 - Driver UART
    • Assignment's Objectives
    • Statement
      • Buffers Scheme
    • Implementation Details
    • Testing
      • Tips
      • Penalties
      • Submitting the assigment
    • Resources
    • Questions

Lectures

• Introduction
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Basic operating systems terms and concepts
    • User vs Kernel
    • Typical operating system architecture
    • Monolithic kernel
    • Micro kernel
    • Micro-kernels vs monolithic kernels
    • Address space
    • User and kernel sharing the virtual address space
    • Execution contexts
    • Multi-tasking
    • Preemptive kernel
    • Pageable kernel memory
    • Kernel stack
    • Portability
    • Asymmetric MultiProcessing (ASMP)
    • Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP)
    • CPU Scalability
  • Overview of the Linux kernel
    • Linux development model
    • Maintainer hierarchy
    • Linux source code layout
    • Linux kernel architecture
      • arch
      • Device drivers
      • Process management
      • Memory management
      • Block I/O management
      • Virtual Filesystem Switch
      • Networking stack
      • Linux Security Modules
• System Calls
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Linux system calls implementation
    • System call table
    • System call parameters handling
  • Virtual Dynamic Shared Object (VDSO)
  • Accessing user space from system calls
• Processes
  • Lecture objectives
  • Processes and threads
    • Overview of process resources
    • struct task_struct
    • Inspecting task_struct
    • Quiz: Inspect a task to determine opened files
    • Threads
    • The clone system call
    • Namespaces and "containers"
    • Accessing the current process
    • Quiz: previous implementation for current (x86)
  • Context switching
    • Quiz: context switch
  • Blocking and waking up tasks
    • Task states
    • Blocking the current thread
    • Waking up a task
  • Preempting tasks
    • Non preemptive kernel
    • Preemptive kernel
  • Process context
    • Kernel threads
  • Using gdb scripts for kernel inspection
    • Quiz: Kernel gdb scripts
• Interrupts
  • Lecture objectives
  • What is an interrupt?
    • Exceptions
    • Quiz: interrupt terminology
  • Hardware Concepts
    • Programmable Interrupt Controller
    • Interrupt controllers in SMP systems
    • Interrupt Control
    • Interrupt priorities
    • Quiz: hardware concepts
  • Interrupt handling on the x86 architecture
    • Interrupt Descriptor Table
    • Interrupt handler address
    • Stack of interrupt handler
    • Handling an interrupt request
    • Returning from an interrupt handler
    • Inspecting the x86 interrupt handling
    • Quiz: x86 interrupt handling
  • Interrupt handling in Linux
    • Nested interrupts and exceptions
    • Interrupt context
    • Deferrable actions
    • Soft IRQs
    • Packet flood example
    • Tasklets
    • Workqueues
    • Timers
    • Deferrable actions summary
    • Quiz: Linux interrupt handling
• Symmetric Multi-Processing
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Synchronization basics
  • Linux kernel concurrency sources
  • Atomic operations
  • Disabling preemption (interrupts)
  • Spin Locks
  • Cache coherency in multi-processor systems
  • Optimized spin locks
  • Process and Interrupt Context Synchronization
  • Mutexes
  • Per CPU data
  • Memory Ordering and Barriers
  • Read Copy Update (RCU)
• Address Space
  • Lecture objectives:
  • x86 MMU
    • Selectors
    • Segment descriptor
    • Segmentation in Linux
    • Inspecting selectors and segments
    • x86 Paging
    • Page tables
    • Linux paging
    • Translation Look-aside Buffer
  • Linux address space
    • Address space options for 32bit systems
    • Linear mappings
    • Highmem
    • Fixed-mapped linear addresses
    • Temporary mappings
    • Permanent mappings
• Memory Management
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Physical Memory Management
    • Memory zones
    • Non-Uniform Memory Access
    • Page allocation
    • Small allocations
  • Virtual memory management
  • Fault page handling
• Filesystem Management
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Filesystem Abstractions
  • Filesystem Operations
    • Mounting a filesystem
    • Opening a file
    • Querying file attributes
    • Reading data from a file
    • Writing data to a file
    • Closing a file
    • Directories
    • Creating a file
    • Deleting a file
  • Linux Virtual File System
    • Superblock Operations
    • Inode Operations
    • The Inode Cache
    • The Dentry Cache
    • The Page Cache
• Debugging
  • Lecture objectives:
  • Decoding an oops/panic
    • Decoding an oops
    • addr2line
    • objdump
    • gdb
    • Kernel panic
  • List debugging
  • Memory debugging
    • Slab debugging
    • DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
    • KASan
      • KASan vs DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
      • KASan vs SLUB_DEBUG
    • Kmemleak
  • Lockdep checker
  • perf
  • Other tools

Labs

• Infrastructure
• Introduction
  • Lab objectives
  • Keywords
  • About this laboratory
  • References
  • Source code navigation
    • cscope
    • clangd
    • Kscope
    • LXR Cross-Reference
    • SourceWeb
  • Kernel Debugging
    • gdb (Linux)
    • Getting a stack trace
  • Documentation
  • Exercises
    • Remarks
    • Booting the virtual machine
    • Adding and using a virtual disk
    • GDB and QEMU
    • 4. GDB spelunking
    • 5. Cscope spelunking
• Kernel modules
  • Lab objectives
  • Kernel Modules Overview
  • An example of a kernel module
  • Compiling kernel modules
  • Loading/unloading a kernel module
  • Kernel Module Debugging
    • objdump
    • addr2line
    • minicom
    • netconsole
    • Printk debugging
    • Dynamic debugging
      • Dyndbg Options
    • KDB: Kernel debugger
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Kernel module
    • 2. Printk
    • 3. Error
    • 4. Sub-modules
    • 5. Kernel oops
    • 6. Module parameters
    • 7. Proc info
  • Extra Exercises
    • 1. KDB
    • 2. PS Module
    • 3. Memory Info
    • 4. Dynamic Debugging
    • 5. Dynamic Debugging During Initialization
• Kernel API
  • Lab objectives
  • Overview
  • Accessing memory
  • Contexts of execution
  • Locking
  • Preemptivity
  • Linux Kernel API
    • Convention indicating errors
    • Strings of characters
    • printk
    • Memory allocation
    • lists
    • Spinlock
    • mutex
    • Atomic variables
      • Use of atomic variables
    • Atomic bitwise operations
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Memory allocation in Linux kernel
    • 2. Sleeping in atomic context
    • 3. Working with kernel memory
    • 4. Working with kernel lists
    • 5. Working with kernel lists for process handling
    • 6. Synchronizing list work
    • 7. Test module calling in our list module
• Character device drivers
  • Laboratory objectives
  • Overview
  • Majors and minors
  • Data structures for a character device
    • struct file_operations
    • inode and file structures
  • Implementation of operations
  • Registration and unregistration of character devices
  • Access to the address space of the process
  • Open and release
  • Read and write
  • ioctl
  • Waiting queues
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Register/unregister
    • 2. Register an already registered major
    • 3. Open and close
    • 4. Access restriction
    • 5. Read operation
    • 6. Write operation
    • 7. ioctl operation
  • Extra Exercises
    • Ioctl with messaging
    • Ioctl with waiting queues
    • O_NONBLOCK implementation
• I/O access and Interrupts
  • Lab objectives
  • Background information
  • Accessing the hardware
    • Request access to I/O ports
    • Accessing I/O ports
    • 5. Accessing I/O ports from userspace
  • Interrupt handling
    • Requesting an interrupt
    • Implementing an interrupt handler
    • Locking
    • Interrupt statistics
  • Further reading
    • Serial Port
    • Parallel port
    • Keyboard controller
    • Linux device drivers
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • Keyboard driver
    • 1. Request the I/O ports
    • 2. Interrupt handling routine
    • 3. Store ASCII keys to buffer
      • Reading the data register
      • Interpreting the scancode
      • Store characters to the buffer
    • 4. Reading the buffer
    • 5. Reset the buffer
  • Extra Exercises
    • 1. kfifo
• Deferred work
  • Lab objectives
  • Background information
  • Softirqs
    • Tasklets
    • Timers
    • Locking
  • Workqueues
  • Kernel threads
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1.Timer
    • 2. Periodic timer
    • 3. Timer control using ioctl
    • 4. Blocking operations
    • 5. Workqueues
    • 6. Kernel thread
    • 7. Buffer shared between timer and process
• Block Device Drivers
  • Lab objectives
  • Overview
  • Register a block I/O device
  • Register a disk
  • struct gendisk structure
  • struct block_device_operations structure
  • Request Queues - Multi-Queue Block Layer
    • Software staging queues
    • Hardware dispatch queues
    • Tag sets
    • Create and delete a request queue
    • Useful functions for processing request queues
  • Requests for block devices
    • Create a request
    • Process a request
  • struct bio structure
    • Create a struct bio structure
    • Submit a struct bio structure
    • Wait for the completion of a struct bio structure
    • Initialize a struct bio structure
    • How to use the content of a struct bio structure
    • Free a struct bio structure
    • Set up a request queue at struct bio level
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Block device
    • 2. Disk registration
    • 3. RAM disk
    • 4. Read data from the disk
    • 5. Write data to the disk
    • 6. Processing requests from the request queue at struct bio level
• File system drivers (Part 1)
  • Lab objectives
  • Virtual Filesystem (VFS)
  • The general file system model
    • superblock
      • Localization:
    • inode
      • Localization:
    • file
      • Localization:
    • dentry
  • Register and unregister filesystems
    • Functions mount, kill_sb
  • Superblock in VFS
    • The struct super_block structure
    • Superblock operations
  • The fill_super() function
  • Buffer cache
  • Functions and useful macros
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • myfs
      • 1. Register and unregister the myfs file system
      • 2. Completing myfs superblock
      • 3. Initialize myfs root inode
      • 4. Test myfs mount and unmount
    • minfs
      • 1. Registering and unregistering the minfs file system
      • 2. Completing minfs superblock
      • 3. Creating and destroying minfs inodes
      • 4. Initialize minfs root inode
      • 5. Testing of minfs mount and unmount
• File system drivers (Part 2)
  • Lab objectives
  • Inode
    • The inode structure
    • Inode operations
      • Getting an inode
      • Superoperations
      • inode_operations
  • The file structure
  • Regular files inodes
    • Regular files inode operations
    • Address space operations
  • Dentry structure
    • Dentry operations
  • Directory inodes operations
    • Creating an inode
    • Creating a directory
    • Creating a link
    • Creating a symbolic link
    • Deleting a link
    • Deleting a directory
    • Searching for an inode in a directory
    • Iterating through entries in a directory
  • Bitmap operations
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • myfs
      • 1. Directory operations
        • Testing
      • 2. File operations
        • Testing
    • minfs
      • 1. Iterate operation
        • Testing
      • 2. Lookup operation
        • Testing
      • 3. Create operation
        • Testing
• Networking
  • Lab objectives
  • Overview
    • Networking in user space
  • Linux networking
    • The struct socket structure
      • Operations on the socket structure
        • Creation
        • Closing
        • Sending/receiving messages
      • The struct socket fields
        • The struct proto_ops structure
    • The struct sock structure
    • The struct sk_buff structure
  • Conversions
  • netfilter
  • netcat
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • 1. Displaying packets in kernel space
    • 2. Filtering by destination address
    • 3. Listening on a TCP socket
    • 4. Accepting connections in kernel space
    • 5. UDP socket sender
• Memory mapping
  • Lab objectives
  • Overview
  • Structures used for memory mapping
    • struct page
    • struct vm_area_struct
    • struct mm_struct
  • Device driver memory mapping
  • Further reading
  • Exercises
    • 1. Mapping contiguous physical memory to userspace
    • 2. Mapping non-contiguous physical memory to userspace
    • 3. Read / write operations in mapped memory
    • 4. Display memory mapped in procfs
• Linux Device Model
  • Overview
  • sysfs
  • Basic Structures in Linux Devices
    • The kobject structure
    • Buses
    • Devices
    • Drivers
    • Classes
    • Hotplug
  • Plug and Play
    • PNP bus
    • PNP operations
    • Adding a driver
    • Removing a driver
    • Adding a new device
    • Removing a device
  • Exercises
    • 0. Intro
    • 1. Bus implementation
    • 2. Add type and version device attributes
    • 3. Add del and add bus attributes
    • 4. Register the bex misc driver
    • 5. Register misc device in the bex_misc probe function
    • 6. Monitor uevent notifications

Useful info

• Virtual Machine Setup
  • Starting the Virtual Machine
  • Connecting to the Virtual Machine
• Customizing the Virtual Machine Setup
  • Connect to the Virtual Machine via SSH
  • Connecting a Debugger to the Virtual Machine Kernel
  • Rebuild the Kernel Image
  • Using Docker containers
• Contributing to linux-kernel-labs
  • Repository structure
  • Building the documentation
  • Creating a contribution
    • Forking the repository
    • Creating a pull request
    • Making changes to a Pull Request